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This article presents the set of theoretical -methodological decisions developed within the framework of a research based on a mixed approach on the State of Child Welfare, Household Living Conditions and Care in the face of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation by Covid-19 in the cities of La Plata, Berisso and Ensenada. The presentation focuses on two aspects: on the one hand, a detailed explanation and reflection on the design, as well as the main methodological decisions are accounted for. On the other hand, the article delves into the challenges inherent to a research conducted through the use of digital mediations.
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This paper aims to describe the theoretical and methodological design of a national survey on the social structure of Argentina and the reception of public initiatives implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic (ESAyPP/PISAC-COVID-19). The survey investigates the effects of the pandemic on central dimensions of the social reproduction of households from the theoretical perspectives of the analysis of social class, gender, socio-residential insertion and impact of public policies.The design and implementation of the ESAyPP/PISAC COVID-19 had a federal character through the articulation of research teams from all regions of the country. It is a comprehensive survey with estimation domain by region that allows for an interregional comparative perspective.
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This article deals with the differential distribution of death in the face of viral epi-demics and pandemics. We will take the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in conjunc-tion with the HIV epidemic in order to understand how barriers that divide hu-mans into groups, by which it is decided who can or cannot die of a viral disease. Thinking from Donna Haraway's feminism and critique of human exceptionalism, her theory is articulated with the notions of biopolitics, necropolitics and framing, in order to situate the relationships between some humans and these viruses, con-sidering crossings such as race, gender and sexuality. It is possible to understand that, even without any scientific evidence that justify fatal encounters between some humans and viruses, the stories produced about these pathogens guide those who live or die in contact with them.
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Purpose - This research examines how chain hotels respond to the crisis in the context of situational crisis communication, focusing on the first emergence of the COVID-19 crisis and the second period of the pandemic, during which the pandemic was relatively weak. Design/methodology/approach - The data were obtained from the digital announcements shared by the world's 50 most valuable hotel chains. The announcements, declared in the two phases of March-April and July-September 2020, were analyzed. The data were collected through document analysis and transferred to the MAXQDA program for qualitative content analysis. Interviews were held with the managers of chain companies to compare and confirm the results obtained. Findings - Chain hotels announced regulations on existing reservations, potential customers, intermediary businesses, suppliers and employees by focusing on maintaining business reputation in the first phase of the pandemic. The hotel units seem to be more open to referrals on emergency measures from chain centers in this phase. In the second stage, announcements to increase sales were shared. The content of the crisis communication is in line with the predictions advocated under the situational crisis communication theory. In addition, some applications that do not comply with the theory are also identified. Research limitations/implications - The effects of the crisis communication on hotels were addressed;the responses of other stakeholders to the communication were not taken into account. Practical implications - Successful response strategies must be considered when developing future crisis preparedness measures. Actors in the hospitality industry can adopt a situational crisis communication approach as an effective strategy to cope with the losses caused by a crisis and possibly speed recovery. Hotels can turn the crisis into an opportunity with the strategies they put forward during the pandemic and gain stronger reputations after the pandemic. Originality/value - This study contributes to both the crisis management literature and the literature on COVID-19 by exemplifying the crisis communication measures and strategies of chain hotels. Focusing on different sub-processes in the analysis of crisis communication, revealing the background about the production and transfer of the information shared during the crisis, and interpreting the content of the messages by considering the benefit of the stakeholders and benefits of the hotel reveals the originality of this study.
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The pandemic caused by COVID-19 forced education to migrate to remote teaching. The objective of the research was to measure the satisfaction of university teachers performing their functions through teledocency. A quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental cross-sectional methodology was used to categorize job satisfaction. The Multidimensional Scale of Teacher Job Satisfaction was used as a measuring instrument with reliability levels: a) Cronbach's Alpha 0.95, b) reliability by halves, according to the Spearman-Brown formula, 0.95. applied to a convenience sample of 146 teachers from the pu-blic and private sector, the data were processed through SPSS Statistics software, using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the variables that make up job satisfaction were categorized by teachers as follows: Interpersonal relationships 67%, Professional performance 67%, Physical environment (home) 61%, Management team 54%, Organizational factors 53%, Appraisal of work performed 51%, Participation 45% and Working conditions 41%. In general, it is concluded that tea-chers are satisfied in the performance of their duties through the tele-teaching modality;at the same time, opportunities were found that could have an impact on reducing non-satisfaction.
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The payment of the urban property tax is an obligation with which all citizens who own real estate must comply. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the help that the decrease in the payment of the tax would give to the citizens, due to the fact that the economy of the citizens has been affected by the pandemic, since the city of Tulcan is a border city, its main economic activity is commerce, which due to the pandemic decreased significantly, leaving economic losses. The objective is to demonstrate that such increase is currently unnecessary, since everyone has been economically affected by Covid 19, for this we have used a field and investigative methodology. As a result, we should obtain the solution to this problem, giving a favourable end for the citizens as well as for the personnel of the municipality.
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The objective of this research work is to determine the level of satisfaction with the non-classroom teaching service of health science students in Lima during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, an observational and descriptive type of research was used, since the variables were not manipulated and the purpose was to describe the study variable. The population consisted of all students of health careers enrolled in universities in Lima during the year 2020. Obtaining a sample of 385 participants according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was found that most participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with 53.8%, followed by intermediate satisfaction with 38.4% and only 7.8% had a low satisfaction, concluding that the level of satisfaction of the non-classroom teaching service was mostly high in health sciences students in Lima during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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An important criterion that must be known in the nanostore sector (bodega, warehouse, kiosk, grocery store) is the way that the competitive environment (EC) is related to adaptability. The study of adaptability and EC in this field is a new topic that requires research, due to the importance of the type of competitive strategy adopted by an organization, since new adaptability practices can be integrated as a result. There are some studies with frequently applied theories in supply chain management, logistics and adaptability of nanostores, focused on the challenges they currently face. Our research is based on the fit contingency theory, to identify the extent to which the variables of adaptability and EC are related to the performance of Honduran nanostores. The research considers 143 nanostores implementing adaptability, as an important operations program for CE and performance. This study presents new insights and offers guidance for nanostore owners, managers, and academics, especially that adaptability can positively intervene the relationship between EC and performance in nanostores.
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In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic manifested our heightened dependency on digital technologies for the operational functioning of all aspects of our lives under lockdowns: access to information, jobs, education, good governance, entertaining, and social and family relations. However, in Argentina, as in all Latin American and Caribbean countries, the pandemic has revealed the many inequalities that affect its population. It is important to recognize the present digital divide, considering the existence of multiple gaps: socio-digital, cognitive, socioeconomic, socio-spatial, gender, linguistic, among others. This paper is focused on the new needs faced to the construction of Knowledge Society in Argentina through the study of its public policies for digital inclusion. It proposes measures to be included in the country`s public policies for Knowledge Society.
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While online distance learning has become more prevalent in Malaysia's higher education system, it is still uncommon in the country's secondary schools, particularly for gifted programmes. Following the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, Malaysia's educational environment was transformed, resulting in the emergence of new prospects for successful distance learning. The purpose of this quantitative research was to determine whether online distance education benefits Malaysian gifted and talented students or not. The study comprised 305 students between the ages of 11 and 17 from a Malaysian gifted school. This research used a five-point Likert scale with a reliability coefficient of 0.94, which was determined to be reliable. After completing a four-week online distance learning course, participants were invited to complete a questionnaire. There were four learning areas in which effectiveness was assessed: learning facilities, assignments, motivation, and computer skills. While gifted students demonstrated a high degree of computer skill, the statistics indicate that online distance learning is moderately successful. Urban students showed a greater potential for online distance learning than rural students. More studies should be conducted on how to enhance online distance learning for gifted students.
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Purpose/Background. Inconsiderate human activities have led to ecological imbalances, and pollution and degradation of our natural environment. However, for humans to continue to exist on Earth in the future and for sustainable development to occur, we must preserve our ecosystems. Methodology/Approach. This paper examines some ethical considerations that are important to human interaction with the environment, by identifying conditions that existed before the Covid-19 pandemic. Results/Findings. The world is currently challenged by global inequality and global climate change, both of which adversely affect our living environment and very sensitive ecological systems. The physical confinement and social distancing measures imposed by governments worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic produced a reduction in human interactions and activities which had a positive impact on the ecological environments around the world. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. As governments release their citizens from the tight restrictions, and people return to their customary activities, we can expect a return to pollution of our environments. This will occur unless, during the period of 'lockdown', humans had become more aware of the harmful effects some of their activities were having on the ecosystem and had been motivated to minimize these activities.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to critically examine the financial health and performance of the English and Australian cricket networks. This includes the county cricket clubs (CCC) and state and territory cricket associations (STCA) affiliated to the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) and Cricket Australia (CA) respectively, as well as the ECB and CA themselves. The authors apply resource dependency theory to understand if there are any financial dependencies within the networks of cricket in England and Australia. Design/methodology/approach The data for this research was obtained from the financial statements of the ECB, the 18 affiliated CCCs, CA and the six affiliated STCAs. This sample covers the last 5 years of financial information (2014-2019) for all the organisations at the time of writing. Ratio analysis was conducted on all organisations within the sample to assess financial health and performance. Findings Both CCCs and STCAs show signs of poor financial health. There is a clear dependence on the financial support they receive from the ECB and CA respectively and this dependence appears more prominent in Australia. The ECB and CA have better financial health which ultimately allows them to financially support the CCCs and STCAs. Originality/value The ECB and CA are facing difficult financial decisions to remain financially secure themselves due to the impact of COVID-19 but also to support their affiliated clubs. The affiliated clubs do not generate sufficient revenues and must diversity their revenue streams if they are to become financially self-sustaining. This financial structure and distribution mechanism will be vital in safeguarding the future of some of England's and Australia's most important cricket organisations.
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Purpose In light of the threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese authorities have called for the adoption of the individual dining style (IDS) as a preventive measure for the pandemic and a new norm for civilized code of conduct. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing the Chinese people's intention to adopt the IDS. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied the capability, opportunity and motivation model of behavior (COM-B) and identified potential predictors influencing the intention to adopt the IDS through a review of the literature. Data were collected through an online survey, and structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicated that the most influential predictors were subjective norm, social norm, perceived benefit and past behavior, while the other predictors (including breaking habits, communal dining culture, perceived behavioral control, perceived health risk and social risk) had insignificant effects on the intention to adopt IDS. Practical implications First, educational public health messages should communicate the benefits of IDS. Second, persuasive public communication should focus on how people are implementing the target behavior rather than drawing attention to a minority who are disregarding it. Moreover, given the highly significant effects of subjective norm, public health campaigns should emphasize that adoption of the desired behavior expresses care for significant others. Originality/value The findings advance understanding of an underexplored topic, namely, how deeply ingrained ways of dining may be transformed in the current context. Applying the COM-B, the authors tested multiple variables to explain the intention to adopt IDS. The results suggest that some social influences (subjective norm and social norm) and reflective cognitive processes (perceived benefit) had the greatest impacts on behavior intentions. Moreover, the results indicate that threat of COVID-19 may not prompt people to change their dining styles. However, the benefits of IDS to prevent the spread of infectious diseases could lead to its wider adoption.
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The COVID-19 health crisis has challenged teachers to use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), with the consequent impact on the attitude towards these media. Present study identify and describes the factors associated with the attitude of Physical Education teachers towards the integration of ICT in the COVID-19 context. The study is qualitative with an exploratory and descriptive intention. 27 cases are studied through documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. 17 factors that influence the attitude of Physical Education teachers towards the integration of ICT during the health crisis are identified, five of which were not found in the ref-erence literature. The attitude towards ICT has been strongly conditioned by a high professional and personal commitment of teachers, which led to the adoption of tools, the adoption and adaptation of methods and practices more supported by ICT. The great challenge for educational institutions points to the development of strategies focused on overcoming the barriers associated with the factors analyzed.
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Leisure Physical Activities are important strategies for disease prevention, health promotion, well-being, socialization and personal development. However, in 2020, programs with face-to-face services were suspended due to the coronavirus, among them, the Segundo Tempo Universitario Program, which required the planning/preparation/implementation of a project adapted to the pandemic reality. This manuscript aims to present and describe the planning/preparation and implementation of the offer of Systematized Physical Leisure Activities and asynchronous guidelines during the pandemic. Structured in three phases (diagnosis, elaboration and implementation) it was carried out using Information and Communication Technologies, with asynchronous assistance - video classes. To do so, it resorted to the flow - lesson plan, recording of video lessons, hosting on YouTube and publication on the Facebook page. It is concluded that the project, through the new reality imposed by the coronavirus, created an alternative for university students to occupy their available time with systematized Physical Leisure Activities in safety, maintaining social distance, favoring the promotion of health, well-being, socialization family and personal development.
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Background: Physical inactivity has increased with the confinement decreed by some countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but changes in the lifestyle of the population after confinement are unknown. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how the lifestyle and physical activity (PA) habits of the population have changed during the pandemic after confinement and to identify the groups that may have undergone the greatest changes. Methods: The pre-confinement sample were 4160, and post-confinement sample were 2553 healthy adults (age 18-65 years) residing in Spain answered the international PA questionnaire short (IPAQ-S), the first one between 23 March and 1 April and the second one in June of 2020. Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations post-confinement, age and gender. Results: Regarding the difference in the levels of PA of the studied population, a reduction of 4.56% was observed in vigorous physical activity (VPA), an increase of 22.15% in moderate PA (MPA) and a walking time increasing of 17.06%. In workers and students there was a significant reduction in VPA and an increase in MPA, and only the group of non-workers increased their sitting time. Significant reductions in VPA were observed in the age groups around 18-d-34 years, with an increase in MPA both in these groups and in 35-d-44 years. In the oldest (e-55 -<65) no significant variations were observed. The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 5.4% while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of MPA barely changed (2.7%). Conclusion: Healthy adults, especially young people, have reduced the amount of self-reported daily VPA and increased the amount of daily MPA and walking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
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This article aims to determine to what extent labor equality, institutional culture, salary equity, co-responsibility of working life, gender stereotypes, labor discrimination and differentiated productivity contributed to a context of violence in women of the health area in the care of COVID-19 disease. The methodology used the application of a multiple linear regression model. One of the conclusions of this research ratifies a positive and significant relationship of gender stereotypes, labor discrimination, differentiated productivity, among others, in labor violence against women in the health area in the care of COVID-19 disease.
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Mobile applications (apps) are becoming an essential tool when it comes to sightseeing. There is even a specific category for trips in the leading app stores. These are no strangers to the rise of the itinerant travel style, the caravans. The study aims to understand the situation of the main caravanning apps in Spain. We have carried out a web scraping methodology using a sample of 1,601 Spanish reviews of the main apps related to caravanning. The most interesting findings, among others, are that we are getting to know a sector that up to now was unknown and that even has not been affected by the pandemic crisis. Besides, the paper has demonstrated that developers do not follow the right strategies in caravanning apps. The paper also shows users' most crucial concerns about these apps. Therefore, managers of caravanning apps could improve their strategies by focusing their attention on users' concerns and, most important, reviews to respond.
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This research seeks to contribute to the literature on the determinants of the evolution of the number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Peru;specifically, the role of mobility of people -understood as displacement-, geography, and economic development. To do this, we use random-effects Poisson regressions and data from four groups of variables at the district level: (1) COVID-19, (2) mobility of people, (3) geographic variables, and (4) socioeconomic variables. The main results indicate that the mobility of people has a negative relationship with the probability of accumulating cases and deaths of COVID-19 until the ninth week of the pandemic, but it has a positive relationship from the eleventh week. We also find that socioeconomic variables such as GDP per capita and life expectancy have positive associations with the probability of accumulating COVID-19 cases and deaths, while geographic variables such as height and slope of the territory have negative associations. The results also indicate that the role of geographic and socioeconomic variables depends on the inclusion of Lima in the empirical analysis.